Từ Vựng & Cấu Trúc "line graph & biểu đồ có xu hướng thời gian" IELTS Writing Task 1

Bên cạnh tham khảo  Bài sửa đề thi IELTS WRITING TASK 2 ngày 22/8/2020 của HS đi thi đạt 7.0 writing, trong IELTS WRITING TASK 1 từ vựng tuy không khó, nhưng cần phải học những từ vựng đặc trưng thường được dùng trong từng loại biểu đồ để làm bài điểm cao.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý cần phân biệt rõ:

• Từ vựng dùng trong dạng Line Graph sẽ là các từ vựng chỉ xu hướng (tăng giảm, lên xuống)
  • IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:
    • Các từ vựng chỉ xu hướng không chỉ dành riêng cho dạng line graph, mà sẽ dành cho tất cả các biểu đồ có yếu tố thời gian, ví dụ như dạng pie nhưng có yếu tố thời gian thì cũng sẽ sử dụng ngôn ngữ mô tả xu hướng như IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn ở trên nhé! 
• Từ vựng dùng trong dạng Bar graph, Table và Pie chart sẽ được dùng tuỳ theo dạng bài của các biểu đồ này:
  • Trong trường hợp Bar graph, Table và Pie chart có yếu tố thời gian, thì từ vựng sẽ được dùng như dạng Line graph, tức là từ vựng chỉ xu hướng
  •  Trong trường hợp Bar graph, Table và Pie chart KHÔNG có yếu tố thời gian, thì từ vựng sẽ không được dùng như Line graph nữa, nên các bạn học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE của IELTS TUTOR sẽ lập riêng sổ tay từ vựng cho dạng Bar, Pie và Table trong trường hợp không có yếu tố thời gian nhé 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Các cấu trúc theo thứ tự thời gian (cái gì diễn ra trước, cái gì xuất hiện sau) cho nên sẽ phù hợp với dạng "line graph & biểu đồ có xu hướng thời gian"

1. As / Whereas/ While X verb, Y verb (at the same time).

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• While the figure for factories in Japan went up dramatically to 120,000 in 2010, the quantity in Korea plummeted to 12,000 at the same time.

2. Clause, followed by + Noun Phrase

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• , followed by ... = , which is / was followed by.... đây là cấu trúc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn nhiều lần nên các bạn học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE WRITING 1 kèm 1 của IELTS TUTOR bắt buộc phải nắm, không thì phải hỏi kĩ lại giáo viên nhé!

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• There was a dramatic growth in the number of factories in Japan to 120.000 in 2010,followed by a sharp decrease to 1,000 in 2015.
• There was a considerable increase to 1500 in the number of children doing athletics in 2010, followed by a gradual decrease to 1200 in 2015.

3. Clause, prior to/before/after Verb-ing

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The number of factories in Japan experienced an increase to 120,000 in 2010, before hitting a free fall to 1,000 in 2015.

4. Clause, after Verb – ing

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The figure for factories in Japan hit a free fall to 1,000 in 2o15, after undergoing an increase to 120,000 in 2010.

5. In comparison to/with X, which verb, Y verb.

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• In comparison with the number of factories in Japan, which witnessed an dramatic increase to 120,000 in 2010, the quantity in Korea plummeted to 12,000 at this time.

6. X verb, Verb-ing, (which verb).

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The quantity of factories in Japan went through a period of dramatic increase to 120,000 in 2010, exceeding the number in Korea, which had only 12,000.

7. The Gap Between + Subject + Narrows As People Get Older

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Dùng cấu trúc này khi hai đối tượng có số liệu thu hẹp lại

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The gap between the amount of time spent on watching TV and being online narrows as people get older.

8. The Same/ Opposite Pattern Can Be Seen For …

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Cấu trúc tránh lặp đi lặp lại các cấu trúc quá nhiều lần.

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty, whereas only 12% of parents living with a partner were classed as poor. The same pattern can be seen for people with no children.

9. Các cấu trúc thể hiện thứ tự khác

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Starting / Standing at + số liệu + năm, S+ V +adv
• S + V +adv, Ving, and then V
• Cụm "for most of the period" (dùng cho phần lớn quãng thời gian của biểu đồ (>80%))
• S+V, but later+ V
• Dùng với từ respective
  • IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn cách dùng từ respectively và respective và cách paraphrase nhớ đọc kĩ 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• The price increased/ grew/ went up/ rose rapidly/ shot up = There was a sharp growth in the price  >> IELTS  TUTOR  hướng  dẫn  Phân biệt INCREASE động từ & INCREASE danh từ
• The price soared/ leaped/ climbed to a new peak
• The price hit a peak/ reached a high/ reached a peak
• The sale saw a noticeable turnaround (Doanh thu cải thiện tốt)
• A twofold/ threefold increase = doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled (gấp 4 lần)/ quintupled (gấp 5 lần)
• The price climbed/ soared to a peak  >> IELTS  TUTOR  hướng  dẫn  Cách dùng "peak" như động từ & danh từ
• Sales rose by 5% = a 5% rise was recorded = Sales recorded/ saw a 5% rise
• The price hit a peak of $200 over the 10-year period
• The price sank to new low point
• The price went into free fall
• There was a dip = the price dipped
• The price suffered/ experienced/ saw/ recorded/ witnessed/ show a steep/ sharp decline/decrease/ fall = There was a/an adj + N in the price
• The price fell/ went back to the 2010 level
• The price fell to its lowest level  >> IELTS  TUTOR  hướng  dẫn  Cách dùng danh từ "level" tiếng anh
• The price gradually went down before experiencing a sharp decline
• There was a slight decline in the price, followed by a sudden drop/ a collapse/ tumble/ plunge…
• There was a marked fall in the price = The price fell markedly (for a short period, etc)

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Increase:

  • Definition: To become or make greater in size, amount, intensity, or degree.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The number of smartphone users increased steadily over the five-year period.

• Decrease:

  • Definition: To become or make smaller in size, amount, intensity, or degree.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Sales of printed newspapers decreased dramatically after the introduction of online news platforms.

• Fluctuate:

  • Definition: To change continually; shift back and forth; vary irregularly.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Prices of commodities such as oil and gold often fluctuate due to market uncertainties.

• Rise:

  • Definition: To move from a lower position to a higher one; ascend.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The temperature in the region rose steadily throughout the summer months.

• Fall:

  • Definition: To move downward, typically rapidly and freely without control.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Unemployment rates fell sharply after the government introduced new job creation initiatives.

• Peak:

  • Definition: To reach the highest point, value, or level.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Interest rates peaked at 10% in the third quarter of the financial year.

• Plateau:

  • Definition: To reach a stable level or stage, especially after a period of growth or progress.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: After several years of rapid expansion, sales of electric vehicles plateaued in 2022.

• Spike:

  • Definition: To increase suddenly and sharply in magnitude.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There was a spike in air pollution levels during the holiday season due to increased travel.

• Plummet:

  • Definition: To fall or drop straight down at a high speed.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Stock prices plummeted following the announcement of the company's bankruptcy.

• Stabilize:

  • Definition: To become or make stable, firm, or steadfast.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: After months of uncertainty, the housing market began to stabilize, leading to more predictable prices.

• Stagnate (verb): to cease developing; to become inactive or sluggish.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Job growth in the region has stagnated over the past few years.

Trong 1 biểu đồ:

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Upwards: a rise/ an increase/ a growth/ an upward trend/ a boom/ a surge/ a jump/ a leap. 
  • Dùng với số liệu: a doubling in + N/ a trebling in + N
• Downwards: a fall/ a decline/ a decrease/ a drop/ a reduction/ a slump/ a plunge/ a plummet
  • Thêm các tính từ: 
    • a sharp - steep fall,…a gradual fall/ decrease, a sudden decrease/ plunge/ slump, a marked drop/ decline,…
• No change: A levelling off (at)/ a plateau (at)

• Fluctuation:

  • Definition: An irregular rising and falling in number or amount; variation.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph illustrates the fluctuation in oil prices over the past decade.

• Trend:

  • Definition: A general direction in which something is developing or changing.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph shows a clear upward trend in global temperatures.

• Peak:

  • Definition: The highest point of something, especially one forming the top of a mountain.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph indicates that the stock market reached its peak in mid-2018.

• Decline:

  • Definition: A gradual and continuous loss of strength, numbers, or value.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There has been a steady decline in the population of certain endangered species.

• Spike:

  • Definition: A sudden increase or rise in something.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph displays a spike in sales following the release of the new product.

• Plateau:

  • Definition: A period or state of little or no growth or decline; a stable level.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: After several years of rapid expansion, the company's growth has reached a plateau.

• Downturn:

  • Definition: A decline in economic, business, or other activity.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph demonstrates a significant downturn in consumer spending during the recession.

• Rebound:

  • Definition: A quick recovery after a setback or decline.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Following the economic crisis, there was a remarkable rebound in employment rates.

• Rise:

  • Definition: An upward movement; an increase.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph exhibits a steady rise in the number of internet users worldwide.

• Fall:

  • Definition: A sudden decrease or descent in number, value, or level.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There has been a noticeable fall in the price of renewable energy technologies.

• Incline:

  • Definition: A slope or upward movement in a graph or trend.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph reveals a gradual incline in the number of students pursuing higher education.

• Plunge:

  • Definition: A sudden and steep decrease or fall.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The stock market experienced a dramatic plunge following the announcement of the company's bankruptcy.

• Stagnation:

  • Definition: A state of little or no change; lack of growth or progress.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph depicts a period of economic stagnation during the recession.

• Upsurge:

  • Definition: A sudden and significant increase or rise.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There has been an upsurge in demand for organic food products in recent years.

• Climb:

  • Definition: An upward movement or ascent, especially in a graph or trend.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph shows a steady climb in the number of tourists visiting the country.

• Recession:

  • Definition: A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph indicates that the country entered a recession in the third quarter of last year.

• Growth:

  • Definition: The process of increasing in size, quantity, or value.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph demonstrates consistent growth in the GDP of the region over the past decade.

• Surge:

  • Definition: A sudden and powerful upward movement or increase.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There was a surge in online shopping during the holiday season.

• Slump:

  • Definition: A sudden and severe decline or decrease.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph shows a slump in housing prices following the burst of the real estate bubble.

• Expansion:

  • Definition: The action of becoming larger or more extensive.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph illustrates the expansion of the company's market share in the last quarter.

• Fluctuating trends - Trends that constantly change or vary. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The fluctuating trends in the stock market reflect the uncertainty in the economy.

• Steep inclines/declines - Rapid and significant increases or decreases. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The graph shows steep declines in unemployment rates over the last quarter.

• Gradual ascent/descent - Slow and steady increases or decreases. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The gradual ascent in sales indicates a growing demand for the product.

• Erratic fluctuations - Unpredictable and irregular changes. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The erratic fluctuations in temperature have made it difficult to predict weather patterns.

• Sudden spikes/plunges - Abrupt and sharp rises or falls. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The sudden spike in website traffic was caused by a viral video.

• Consistent growth/decline - Continuous and steady increases or decreases. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The company has shown consistent growth in profits over the past five years.

• Intermittent peaks/troughs - Periodic high points or low points. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The intermittent peaks in energy consumption coincide with extreme weather conditions.

• Volatile shifts - Unstable and unpredictable changes. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The volatile shifts in currency exchange rates are affecting international trade.

• Substantial increases/decreases - Significant and notable rises or falls. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There have been substantial increases in greenhouse gas emissions over the past decade.

• Persistent fluctuations - Continuous and ongoing changes. IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Despite efforts to stabilize the market, there are persistent fluctuations in commodity prices.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Volatile: Tending to change rapidly and unpredictably.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The prices of cryptocurrencies are highly volatile, making them risky investments.

• Rapid: Happening or moving quickly.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The population growth in urban areas has been rapid over the past decade.

• Steady: Firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Despite economic uncertainties, the company has maintained a steady growth rate.

• Gradual: Happening or changing slowly over a long period of time.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There has been a gradual decline in the unemployment rate over the past two years.

• Substantial: Large in amount, value, or importance.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The government announced substantial investments in renewable energy projects.

• Significant: Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There was a significant increase in the number of tourists visiting the country last summer.

• Sharp: Having a thin edge or point that is able to cut or pierce something.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There was a sharp rise in the inflation rate following the increase in fuel prices.

• Sudden: Happening or done quickly and unexpectedly.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The sudden drop in temperature caught everyone by surprise.

• Erratic: Not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The stock market showed erratic behavior throughout the trading session.

• Exponential: Increasing or growing at a rapid rate.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The adoption of smartphones has led to an exponential growth in mobile internet usage.

• Dramatic: Sudden and striking.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There was a dramatic increase in student enrollment following the introduction of the scholarship program.

• Stagnant: Showing no activity; dull and sluggish.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The job market in the region has been stagnant, with few new opportunities available.

• Inconsistent: Not staying the same throughout.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The company's quarterly earnings showed inconsistent performance, with alternating periods of growth and decline.

• Unpredictable: Not able to be predicted; uncertain.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The weather in the region is notoriously unpredictable, with sudden changes in temperature and precipitation.

• Resilient: Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Despite facing economic downturns, the industry has proven to be resilient and adaptable.

• Abrupt: Sudden and unexpected.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: There was an abrupt change in government policy, leading to uncertainty in the business community.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Shoot up

  • Definition: Increase rapidly.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The sales of smartphones shot up in the last quarter.

• Level off

  • Definition: To stabilize or reach a steady level after a period of change.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: After reaching its peak, the unemployment rate leveled off.

• Plunge into

  • Definition: To decrease rapidly and sharply.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The stock market plunged into chaos following the economic crisis.

• Climb up

  • Definition: Increase gradually.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The temperature climbed up throughout the day.

• Drop off

  • Definition: Decrease sharply.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Attendance at the event dropped off after the first hour.

• Taper off

  • Definition: Decrease gradually.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Interest in the new product tapered off after the initial hype.

• Rocket ahead

  • Definition: Increase rapidly and significantly, usually in comparison to something else.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The company's profits rocketed ahead of its competitors.

• Edge up

  • Definition: Increase slowly and gradually.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The price of oil edged up over the course of the month.

• Plummet down

  • Definition: Decrease rapidly and sharply.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Confidence in the government's policies plummeted down after the scandal.

• Hover around

  • Definition: Stay at or near a particular level.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Prices of the commodity hovered around the $50 mark for most of the year.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Gradually: In a gradual manner; slowly but steadily.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The number of smartphone users increased gradually over the period of five years.

• Rapidly: In a quick and swift manner.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The rate of inflation rose rapidly within a few months.

• Steadily: In a consistent and continuous manner.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The unemployment rate decreased steadily throughout the year.

• Significantly: To a notable or important degree.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The company's profits increased significantly after implementing the new marketing strategy.

• Substantially: To a considerable extent.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The price of oil dropped substantially in response to global market changes.

• Dramatically: In a striking or impressive manner.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The population of the city grew dramatically due to migration from rural areas.

• Consistently: In a regular and unchanging manner.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Sales of the product have consistently increased over the past three quarters.

• Moderately: To a reasonable or modest extent.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The temperature rose moderately during the afternoon.

• Exponentially: In a rapidly increasing manner.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The use of renewable energy sources has grown exponentially in recent years.

• Erratically: In an unpredictable or irregular manner.

  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The stock prices fluctuated erratically throughout the trading day.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

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