Liên ngữ (conjunct) tiếng anh

Bên cạnh Hướng dẫn đề thi IELTS 21/11/2020 bài WRITING TASK 2 về Relocating Business to Regional Areas (kèm bài sửa của học sinh đi thi), IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn Liên ngữ (conjunct) tiếng anh

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Liên ngữ (conjunct) là một trong 3 dạng của trạng ngữ (adverbials) (bao gồm sung ngữ - adjunct, định ngữ (disjunct) và liên ngữ (conjunct) nên cần nắm rõ kiến thức  Trạng ngữ (Adverbials) mà IELTS TUTOR đã hướng dẫn nhé 

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Liên ngữ (conjuncts) hay còn gọi là trạng từ liên kết hay còn gọi là Từ nối 
• Liên ngữ sẽ nằm trong 1 câu (có thể ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy) và liên kết câu đó với 1 câu khác 
• Bắt buộc phải có 1 câu khác trước rồi mới dùng liên ngữ (conjunct) để liên kết không thì câu sau cùng với liên ngữ sẽ vô nghĩa vì không hiểu căn cứ so sánh câu sau với cái gì phía trước 

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• It's expensive. What's more, it is pretty poorly made (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: trong câu này What's more là liên ngữ - conjunct trong đó phải có câu số 1 là It's expensive thì mới hiểu What's more là thêm nữa là thêm cái gì)

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• firstly, secondly, thirdly, in the first place, finally, lastly, for a start, to begin with, at the outset, to begin with, additionally, also .....

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Primarily, I haven't the money. Secondarily, it doesn't interest me
• For a start, you are late.
• To begin with, you forgot to bring the right tools
• At the outset, you brought the wrong materials.
• As if all that wasn't enough, you want to leave early.
• Firstly, we need to set out what we want (IELTS TUTOR lưu ý để bố cục rõ ràng thì IELTS TUTOR luôn khuyên các bạn học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE 1 KÈM 1 của IELTS TUTOR nên dùng Firstly, Secondly để bố cục thật rõ ràng)
• Then we can make the calls.
• Finally we can list the responses
•  In the first instance, we'll gather some data.
• Then, we'll do some number crunching.
•  Next, we'll have to write the report.
• At the end, it'll be quite satisfying.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• for instance, for example, in other words, namely, that is to say, by which I mean

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The cleverest two students, namely John and Adam, have secured their places at Oxford
•  There are lots of pleasant places to go.  The pier is one, for example (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn CÁCH LẤY VÍ DỤ IELTS WRITING TASK 2)
• He is often a bit rude.  For instance, he just demanded his coffee this morning.
• There's a lot of things I would like.  Such as a having new car.
•  There's a lot to be said for it.  As an example, it's quite light and portable.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• again, besides, to boot, moreover, also, additionally, besides, moreover, too, what is more, further, furthermore

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• This is the next problem. Again, it is one of concern to us all
• It's expensive. What's more, it is pretty poorly made.
• He is late.  In addition, he has forgotten his notes. 
• We have completed the project.  Furthermore, we have written up the report (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn CÁCH VIẾT CÂU SUPPORTING IDEA IELTS WRITING TASK 2 )
• She is on holiday.  Her secretary is as well. 
• The weather's getting chilly.  Moreover, the forecast is for snow. 
• The work is essential.  Additionally, it's urgent. 
• He lost his way.  Into the bargain, he had forgotten to bring a map. 
• She was rude to the manager.  What's more, she was wrong. 
• He has no work and no hope of getting any, to boot. 
• He came with some friends and he brought his sister, too.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• better put, in other words ...

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• It's out of place. In other words, you could simply say it's the wrong style
•   This has gone horribly wrong.  In other words, it's a disaster.
• He's not the man for the job.  By which I mean we should re-advertise the position.
• She won't be at work for a week or so.  That is to say, you need to find someone else to do this (IELTS TUTOR giải thích CÁCH DÙNG "THAT IS (TO SAY)" TIẾNG ANH )
• It's working off and on.  Better put, it's an intermittent fault.
•  He's not coming.  Rather, he can't come until later.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• equally, likewise,  in the same way, by the same token

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The similarity between the sisters is striking. Likewise, between the two brothers. 
• He has many friends and, similarly, his sister is popular
• Because it's difficult to fix it will be expensive and, by the same token, it'll take a little time
• I don't want to eat here.  Likewise, I'd avoid that restaurant over there.
• He is a talented musician.  Similarly, his sister shows promise 
• The main course was excellent.  Equally, the service was very attentive (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn Cách dùng trạng từ "equally" tiếng anh )
• The information is complex and difficult to understand.  By the same token, it is full and informative.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• consequently, as a result, accordingly, hence, now, so, thus, as a result....

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• It snowed all night. Hence, the beauty of the trees.
• He lost his wallet at the station. Therefore, I had to go and help him out.
•  He came late.  Consequently, he couldn't get a ticket  (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn Cách dùng THEREFORE & HENCE trong tiếng anh )
• She arrived early.  Therefore, she found a seat.
• The power was out.  As a consequence, I couldn't check my emails
•  There was heavy rain overnight.  As a result, the road was impassable.
• The figures were wrong.  In view of that, she decided to recalculate the forecast.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• instead, alternatively, on the other hand ....

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• She didn't come with us to the pub. Instead, she stayed in and worked on her essay.
• We can meet at the pub.  Alternatively, you can come to my place.
• Come for dinner.  Or, if you prefer, lunch
• She didn't go to the dance.  Instead, she got on with her studies.
•  We can go to the park for a picnic.  Otherwise, we could get a snack at the station (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn CÁCH DÙNG "OTHERWISE" TIẾNG ANH )
•  I need to save more.  Or else, I'll be both old and poor.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• so, then, in conclusion....

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• All that means, to conclude, is that we need more time and more money
• Ok, then, we are happy we have a solution
• To sum up, that's the situation we face (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn cách viết CONCLUSION IELTS)
• In a nutshell, the work will be expensive and long lasting.
• To cut a long story short, the holiday was not what we expected.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• anyway, nevertheless, still, however, only, though, yet, in any case, in any event, at any rate, at all events, after all, all the same, in any case, alternatively, conversely, on the contrary, au contraire, by contrast, then again

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• I think he's a bit arrogant. Still, he is very talented, I suppose
• We can meet in the coffee shop. Alternatively, you could come to me.
• He's no genius.  On the contrary, he seems a bit slow.
• That's not fair.  In fact, it's grossly unjust.
• That's not the best way.  Quite the opposite, it's slow and unreliable.
• He isn't poor.  Indeed, he was left a lot of money by his mother.
• She isn't unfriendly.  Quite the reverse, she's always very approachable
• He's very sure of himself.  Still, he has a right to be, I guess.
• It's raining.  All the same, I'll take the dogs out.
• She arrived late.  However, it didn't matter (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn Phân biệt However, But & Nevertheless)
• It was raining.  Nevertheless, we enjoyed the day out.
• They may not arrive at all.  At any rate, they'll be very late.
• This has been a tough year.  That said, the results are surprisingly good.
• I've spent too much this month but, anyway, I'm taking her out for an expensive lunch.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• incidentally, by the way, now, well, meanwhile, parenthetically, as an aside
  • IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn cách dùng during, while, whilts, whereas, but, meanwhile

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• I bought this in town yesterday. By the by(e), did you know they've made the High Street one way?
• I'm going into town.  By the way, did you ever see Mary about the car?
• That's her sister.  As an aside, her brother's told me she is leaving the country.
•  I'll see you tomorrow.  Come to think of it, is your brother in town?
•  That's a pity.  Anyway, what are we doing this evening?

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• reading between the lines, in other words, then, in that case. else, otherwise

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

A: I can't help with that.
B: In other words, you can't be bothered.
The government needs to act. Otherwise, things will go from bad to worse.
We need to leave. Else, we'll miss the last train.
A: I am very busy right now.
B: I take it, then, that you can't help.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• in the meantime, in the intervening time / years / days months etc., in the interim.

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• I went shopping. Meanwhile, my wife took the children to the zoo
• He was born in Britain and retired to Germany, but, in the meantime, he spent many years in France.
•  I have a meeting at 9 and another at 3 and in the interim, I don't have much to do
• He spent the day gardening.  Meanwhile, I just sat around and read.
• He was born in Britain and retired to Germany.  In the meantime, he spent many years in France.
•  I have a meeting at 9 and another at 3.  In the interim, I don't have much to do.
• He lived in many countries.  Eventually, he settled in America.
• She revised the figures carefully.  Later, she presented the new data to the team. (IELTS TUTOR hướng dẫn SỰ KHÁC NHAU AFTER VÀ LATER)

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