Cách Dùng Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ (mênh đề tính từ)

• Bên cạnh hướng dẫn cách phân tích đề thi cùng đính kèm bài sửa bài viết của học sinh IELTS TUTOR đi thi hôm đấy và mới nhận kết quả thi 5.5 nhé, IELTS TUTOR nhấn mạnh Mệnh đề quan hệ là điểm ngữ pháp mà các IELTS TUTOR khuyên học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE 1 KÈM 1 phải nắm vững, nếu muốn đạt điểm cao trong IELTS nói chung và IELTS Writing nói riêng.

Sau đây là những lưu ý quan trọng nhất mà IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Mệnh đề quan hệ còn được gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ
• Nếu đã học rất kĩ hướng dẫn trong cách viết câu ghép - câu phức, thí sinh sẽ nắm được mệnh đề tính ngữ, cùng với mệnh đề danh từ và mệnh đề trạng ngữ là 3 cách tạo nên 1 câu phức 
• Với tên gọi là mệnh đề tính từ, chức năng của mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính ngữ) sẽ giống với tính từ tức là đóng vai trò giải thích kĩ hơn cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Như vậy, mệnh đề quan hệ sẽ đứng sau danh từ, và có chức năng bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đó 

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• She is the woman that i talked to yesterday. (IELTS TUTOR giải thích: Cô ấy là người phụ nữ mà tôi đã nói chuyện hôm qua) 
  • Cụm từ "that I talked to yesterday" là mệnh đề quan hệ, bổ ngữ cho danh từ "the woman"

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ
• Theo sau who là một động từ

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The man who is sitting by the fire is my father.
• That is the boy who helped me to find your house.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người làm tân ngữ - Làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau nó.
• Theo sau whom là một chủ ngữ
• Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
• The boy whom we are looking for is Tom.
•  I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó.
• Theo sau which có thể là một động từ hoặc một chủ ngữ.
• Khi which làm tân ngữ, ta có thể lược bỏ which
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful.

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• This is the book which I like best.
• The hat which is red is mine.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người lẫn vật, có thể được dùng thay cho Who, Whom, Which 

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• That is the book that I like best.
• That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom.
• My father is the person that I admire most.
• I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park.

Về rút gọn that bạn học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE 1 KÈM 1 của IELTS TUTOR có hỏi, đọc kĩ câu hỏi nhé

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ người, thay cho tính từ sở hữu. 
• Whose cũng được dùng cho of which.
• Theo sau Whose luôn là 1 danh từ.

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday => The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.
• John found a cat. Its leg was broken=> John found a cat whose leg was broken.

Xét các ví dụ khác cùng IELTS TUTOR:

• The dog is over there. The dog's / its owner lives next door.→ The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.
• The little girl is sad. The little girl's / her doll was lost.→ The little girl whose doll was lost is sad.
• The woman is coming tonight. Her car is a BMW.→ The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight.
• The house belongs to me. Its roof is very old.→ The house whose roof is old belongs to me.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of … có thể được dùng trước whom, which và whose.

Cùng IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which).

Cùng xét ví dụ:

• Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
  • → Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
  • → Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• listen to
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: 
    • The music is good. Julie listens to the music.
      • → The music (which / that) Julie listens to is good.
• work with
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: 
    • My brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman.
      • → My brother met a woman (who / that) I used to work with.
• go to
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: 
    • The country is very hot. He went to the country.
      • → The country (which / that) he went to is very hot.
• come from
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: 
    • I visited the city. John comes from the city.
      • → I visited the city (that / which) John comes from.
• apply for
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: 
    • The job is well paid. She applied for the job.
      • → The job (which / that) she applied for is well paid.

Trong quá trình chấm bài cho các bạn học sinh lớp IELTS ONLINE ĐẢM BẢO ĐẦU RA, IELTS TUTOR nhận thấy học sinh vẫn chưa nắm chắc về mệnh đề quan hệ và thường sẽ mắc các lỗi như sau có thể tham khảo

Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu với đại từ quan hệ phù hợp (who, whom, whose, which, that).

1. The man ____ lives next door is a doctor.
2. I found the book ____ you were looking for yesterday.
3. She is the girl ____ brother works in the same company as me.
4. The dress ____ I bought last week is on sale now.
5. This is the dog ____ owner is my neighbor.
6. The woman ____ I spoke to was very helpful.
7. The painting ____ was stolen last month has been found.
8. The team ____ won the championship is celebrating tonight.

Bài tập 2: Nối hai câu bằng cách sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ.

1. I met a girl yesterday. She is very good at singing.
2. He found a wallet. It belongs to a man named Tom.
3. This is the park. I used to play in it when I was a child.
4. The car was very expensive. My father bought it last week.
5. The woman called the police. Her car had been stolen.
6. I visited a museum. It had many ancient artifacts.

Bài tập 3: Lựa chọn câu đúng (rút gọn hoặc đầy đủ mệnh đề quan hệ).

1. The movie (which was shown last night / shown last night) was amazing.
2. The people (who attended the event / attending the event) were very excited.
3. The book (that is lying on the table / lying on the table) is mine.
4. The man (whom we met at the conference / meeting at the conference) is a famous scientist.

Bài tập 4: Sửa lỗi sai trong các câu sau (nếu có).

1. This is the house which roof is painted red.
2. The girl who you spoke to yesterday is my sister.
3. The car that color is black belongs to John.
4. This is the city where I was born in.
5. The man whom we saw him yesterday is a teacher.

Đáp án

Bài tập 1

1. who
2. which/that
3. whose
4. which/that
5. whose
6. whom
7. which
8. that

Bài tập 2

1. I met a girl yesterday who is very good at singing.
2. He found a wallet that belongs to a man named Tom.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR    
3. This is the park where I used to play when I was a child.
4. The car that my father bought last week was very expensive.
5. The woman whose car had been stolen called the police.
6. I visited a museum which had many ancient artifacts.

Bài tập 3

1. shown last night
2. attending the event
3. lying on the table
4. whom we met at the conference

Bài tập 4

1. This is the house whose roof is painted red.
2. Correct
3. The car whose color is black belongs to John.
4. This is the city where I was born. (Or: This is the city in which I was born.)
5. The man whom we saw yesterday is a teacher.

1. IELTS Reading: Identifying Relative Clauses

Task: Read the passage below and identify all the relative clauses. Then answer the questions.

Passage:
The building, which was constructed in 1890, has been declared a national landmark. It was designed by an architect who became famous for his innovative designs. The gardens that surround the building are open to the public, providing a peaceful retreat for visitors.

Questions:

1. What makes the building historically significant?
2. Who is the architect mentioned in the text?
3. How do the gardens contribute to the visitor experience?

2. IELTS Writing: Using Relative Clauses

Task: Write a short paragraph (about 60 words) using at least three relative clauses to describe one of the following topics:

• A place you visited recently
• A person you admire
• An object you value

Example:
The museum, which is located in the heart of the city, displays artifacts that date back to ancient times. Visitors who come here can learn about the city’s rich history while enjoying its stunning architecture.

3. IELTS Listening: Complete the Sentences

Task: Listen to the audio (create or use any IELTS audio track) and fill in the blanks using relative clauses.

Audio Script Example:

1. The speaker mentioned the book, ________.
2. She talked about a person ________.
3. He described a city ________.

Example Sentences to Complete:

1. The speaker mentioned the book, ________, which changed his perspective.
2. She talked about a person ________, who had inspired her to pursue art.
3. He described a city ________, where he spent his childhood.

4. IELTS Speaking: Practicing Relative Clauses in Responses

Task: Answer the following questions using relative clauses to provide detailed and complex responses.

1. Describe a person who has influenced you the most.
   Example: "My teacher, who taught me mathematics in high school, influenced me greatly because she always encouraged me to think critically."

2. Describe a place you like to visit.
   Example: "I love visiting the park near my house, which has a beautiful lake and walking trails."

3. Talk about a book or movie you enjoy.
   Example: "The book that I read last month, which was a mystery novel, kept me engaged till the very end."

IELTS Practice: Mixed Task

Task: Write about the topic below using relative clauses. Then, record your answer and listen to it to identify any mistakes.

Topic: "Some people think that museums should be free, while others believe they should charge an entry fee. Discuss both views and give your opinion."

Instructions:

1. Use relative clauses to support your ideas.
2. Example: "Museums that are free to the public often attract more visitors, which helps in promoting cultural awareness."

Answers for the Relative Clauses Exercises

1. IELTS Reading: Identifying Relative Clauses

Passage with Relative Clauses Highlighted:

• The building, which was constructed in 1890, has been declared a national landmark.
• It was designed by an architect who became famous for his innovative designs.
• The gardens that surround the building are open to the public, providing a peaceful retreat for visitors.

Answers to Questions:

1. What makes the building historically significant?
   The building, which was constructed in 1890, has been declared a national landmark.
2. Who is the architect mentioned in the text?
   An architect who became famous for his innovative designs.>> IELTS TUTOR có hướng dẫn kĩ PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI THẬT TASK 1 (Complaint letter) NGÀY 04/8/2020 IELTS WRITING GENERAL MÁY TÍNH (kèm bài được sửa hs đi thi)
3. How do the gardens contribute to the visitor experience?
   The gardens that surround the building provide a peaceful retreat for visitors.

2. IELTS Writing: Using Relative Clauses

Example Answer:
I admire my grandmother, who taught me the value of hard work and kindness. She lives in a small village that is surrounded by lush greenery. Her stories, which she shares with me every evening, are both inspiring and entertaining.

3. IELTS Listening: Complete the Sentences

Example Sentences (Based on Example Script):

1. The speaker mentioned the book, which he considered life-changing.
2. She talked about a person who inspired her to pursue art.
3. He described a city where he spent his childhood.

4. IELTS Speaking: Practicing Relative Clauses in Responses

Sample Responses:

1. Describe a person who has influenced you the most.
   "My mother, who always supported me through tough times, has influenced me the most in life."

2. Describe a place you like to visit.
   "I enjoy going to the beach, which is located just an hour away from my city, to relax and unwind."

3. Talk about a book or movie you enjoy.
   "I recently watched a movie that was based on a true story, which deeply moved me."

IELTS Mixed Task: Writing Using Relative Clauses

Topic: Museums should be free or charge an entry fee?

Sample Answer:
Museums that are free to the public can attract a wider range of visitors, which helps in promoting cultural awareness among people from all backgrounds. On the other hand, museums that charge entry fees can use the funds to maintain their exhibits, which is crucial for preserving historical artifacts. In my opinion, museums whose collections are extensive should charge minimal fees to balance accessibility with maintenance costs.

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