25 NGUYÊN TẮC HÒA HỢP CHỦ NGỮ & ĐỘNG TỪ TIẾNG ANH

• Để học tốt tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi IELTS thì ngữ pháp là một điểm rất quan trọng cần chú ý. Khó nhất trong các điểm ngữ pháp là việc chia động từ, đặc biệt trong kỳ thi IELTS Writing lẫn Speaking, Bạn cần chia động từ chính xác để đạt được kết quả cao.
• Nguyên tắc cơ bản trong chia động từ trong tiếng Anh là phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ và thì được sử dụng. Chủ ngữ số nhiều thì chia động từ số nhiều, chủ ngữ số ít thì chia động từ số ít. Nhưng, vẫn có những ngoại lệ mà Bạn phải học thuộc, vậy nên IELTS TUTOR muốn chia sẻ với các bạn chủ đề Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ cùng 25 nguyên tắc chia động từ cực đỉnh.
• Bên cạnh đó, có thể tham khảo thêm Bài sửa đề thi IELTS WRITING TASK 2 ngày 22/8/2020 của HS đi thi đạt 7.0 writing

S(singular) + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• My cat is lying on the grass.
• He is a teacher.
• Thanos wants to rule the world.
• England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
• Infinity War achieves the seemingly impossible feat of melding together a huge cast of characters.

S(plural) + V(plural)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• They often work very hard.
• We are teachers.
• The animals gather closely together for warmth.
• Teachers work with students to find out specific need.
• Asian countries cooperate with each other.

V-ING + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Playing football is not easy with me.
• Jogging everyday is good for your health.
• Computing saves a lot of time.
• Studying online  is very convenient. 
• Using online practices helps students who don't have books. 
• Working from home allows a person to work in comfort.

S1 OR/NOR S2 + V(s2)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Our happiness or our sorrow is largely due to our actions.
• My parents or my brother is staying at home now.
• You or I am the winner.

EITHER S1 OR S2 + V(s2)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Either my parents or I am going to the supermarket to buy food for lunch.
• Either he or I have to leave.
• Either I or he has to leave.
• Neither the old man nor his sons are willing to sell the cow. (NOT Neither the old man nor his sons is willing to sell the cow.) 
• Neither John nor his friends have seen this movie before.
• Neither John nor his friends have seen this movie before.
• Neither I nor you are right

EITHER/NEITHER OF + N + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Neither of them is available to speak now.
• Either of us is capable of doing the job.
• Neither of them works in this company.
• Either of my parents is staying at home now.
• Either of students has left the door unlocked

THE NUMBER OF + N + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The number of addicted people has increased recently.
• The number of bears decreases day by day.
• The number of days in a week is 7.
• The number of people, who have lost their job, is quite big.
• The number of accidents has gone down steadily since the speed limit was imposed.

A NUMBER OF + N + V (plural)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• A number of good students in my class have decreased this year.
• A number of hours have passed
• A number of people have lost their job.
• A number of books in this library are really big.
• A number of special conditions is necessary for the formation of a geyser.

S1 AS LONG AS/WITH S2 + V(s1)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The old man with his dog passes my house every morning.
• Mr. Johnson as well as his assistants has arrived.
• Mr Robbins, accompanied by his wife and children, is leaving tonight.
• My father as well as the other people in my family is very friendly.
• Kim, as well as her parents is coming to the party.
• The shop, with its articles, was burnt down. (NOT The shop, with its articles, were burnt down.)
• The ship, with its crew, was saved.
• Silver as well as gold is a precious metal.
• The father as well as his sons is industrious.
• No one, besides James, knows it.
• Kate, and not you, has won the prize.
• James, together with his friends, was present.

S1 AND S2 + V(plural)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Fire and water do not agree.
• Honor and glory are the rewards.
• John and I are going to college next autumn.
• Bread and butter is my favorite food.
• Lan and Tam are classmates in this school year.
• My father and my mother have lived happily together since they got married.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Các trường hợp sau thì bắt buộc phải dùng số ít:
  • Khi chúng cùng chỉ một người, 1 vật, 1 món ăn hay 1 khái niệm 
    • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

      • Bread and meat is my favorite dish.

        President and CEO is Mr Smith

  • Phép cộng thì dùng số ít

    • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Two and three is five.

EACH/EVERY + N + V(singular)
EVERYONE/SOMETHING + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Each boy and each girl has their own story.
• Everyone in my class is very intelligent.
• Each of the boys has a bicycle.
• Someone has taken my pencil.
• Each person is allowed 20kg luggage.
• Everybody knows Tom.

MANY + N(plular) + V(plular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Many students like playing games nowadays.
• Many animals face starvation and frostbite during the snowy season.
• Many vehicles are equipped with an air bag.
• Many countries around the world celebrate earth day
• Many movies now make more money from sales of DVDS than from the box office.

MANY + A + N(singular) + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Many a leader fallen due to pride.
• Many a student doesn’t want to study all day at school.
• Many a little makes a miracle.
• Many a letter has crossed.
• Many a good hanging prevents a bad marriage, and, for turning away, let summer bear it out.

THE + ADJECTIVE + V(plural)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The deaf are the people who are not able to hear.

• Despite not having much money, The poor are still happy.

• The rich are not always happy.

• The poor get poorer, the rich get richer.

• The French like to eat well.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Đặc biệt, Khi đứng sau THE là danh từ people, police, army, children, cattle (gia súc) thì cũng dùng động từ ở số nhiều.
  • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:
    •  The police have patrolled through the night to catch that murder.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Môn học: physics (vật lý ), mathematics (toán), economics (kinh tế học), politics (chính trị học) ...
• Môn thể thao: athletics (môn điền kinh), billiards (bi-da), checkers(cờ đam)
• Tên các căn bệnh: Measles (sởi), rickets (còi xương)....
• Các danh từ khác: news (tin tức), the United States,.....

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Physics is more difficult than chemistry.
• Gymnastics is my favorite sport.
• Maths is considered as a difficult subject with many students.
• The United States has new president.

MONEY/TIME/DISTANCE/WEIGHT + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Five dollars to buy this shirt is very cheap.
• 8 hours of sleeping is enough.
• Money makes the world go around.
• Time flies when you're having fun
• Five kilometers is not far.  
• Three years are not a long time. 

% + OF + S(singular + uncountable) + V(singular)

% + OF + S(plural + countable) + V(plural)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Two third of students in my class are girls. 
• Two third of water in this bottle is drunk by Peter. 

• Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared.

• One-third of the city is unemployed.

• One-third of the people are unemployed.

MAJORITY OF/SOME OF/ALL OF + S(singular + uncountable) + V (singular)

MAJORITY OF/SOME OF/ALL OF + S(plural + countable) + V (plural)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Some of my friends are very good at English. 
• Some of the information he told us was not reliable. 
• Some of the students are late for class. 
• Most of the water is polluted.

• All of the books are interesting.

NO/NONE OF + S(singular+uncountable) + V(singular)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• None of meat was cooked in this special day.
• No further information is provided for you unless you are a VIP.
• No student leaves the room.
• No example is relevant to this case.
• None of the counterfeit money has been found.

NO/NONE OF S(plural+countable) + V(plural)

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• No people are allowed to swim in this lake
• No people think alike.
• None of the books are interesting
• None of my friends know it
• None of us speak French

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The shoes are on the shelf.
• My pants are ripped.

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• Khi có từ : "A pair of " đi trước các danh từ này thì chia động từ ở số ít.
  • A pair of shoes + Verb (singular) 
  • A pair of trousers + Verb (singular)
  • A pair of glasses + Verb (singular)
    • IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: A pair of shoes is on the shelf.

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The effects of stress are very sirious.
• The list of items is on the desk.
• The experiences of work during study is common for around half of all students.
• The advertising of credence goods contains both informational and persuasive advertising.
• The advantage of living in the city is the range of clothes shops.

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• Better Days is a 2019 Chinese romantic crime coming of age film directed by Derek Tsang and starring Zhou Dongyu and Jackson Yee.
• Gone with the Wind is a sweeping romantic story about the American Civil War from the point of view of the Confederacy.
• "Heal the World" is a song recorded by American recording artist Michael Jackson.
• Tom and Jerry” is my favorite cartoon.

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• The family are having breakfast.
• The crowd are becoming excited.
• The staff were upset not to have been informed.

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• My family is very conservative.
• The congress has laws to protect wildlife from commercial trade and overhunting.
• His team gets the best assignments case study.

IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ:

• It is her dog that often bites people.
• It is the face of pregnancy that starts from the week 13 to 27.
• It’s disgusting that he turns his radio too loud.

Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào chỗ trống ở mỗi câu sau đây.

1. Each student………. answered the first three questions.
a. has

b. have

c. have to

d. must

2. Either John or his wife ………breakfast each morning.
a. make

b. is making

c. makes

d. made

3. Everybody who ………. a fever must go home at once.
a. has

b. have

c. is having d. are having

4. Five dollars ………all I have on me.
a. are

b. is

c. will be

d. have

5. John, along with twenty friends, ………. planning a party.
a. are

b. is

c. has been

d. have been

6. Mathematics……….. the science of quantity.
a. was

b. are

c. is

d. were

7. Measles………cured without much difficulty nowadays.
a. is

b. are

c. will be

d. have

8. Neither Mary nor her brothers……a consent form for tomorrow’s field trip.
a. need

b. needs

c. is needing

d. has need

9. Peter, together with his uncle, ……………fishing.
a. have gone

b. has gone

c. go

d. goes

10. The army…………. eliminated this section of the training test.
a. has

b. is having

c. are

d. have

Đáp án: 1A - 2C - 3A - 4B - 5B - 6C - 7A - 8A - 9B - 10A

Exercise 2: Chia động từ để các câu dưới đây có nghĩa.

1. What we need most (be)________books.

2. The English (be) ________proud and independent people.

3. The United States (have) ________a population of 250 million.

4. There (be, not) ________any letters in the mail for you today.

5. Everyone in both cars (be) ________injured in the accident last night.

6. The books borrowed from the library (be) ________on my desk now.

7. The boy who won the two medals (be) ________ a friend of mine.

8. Bread and butter (be) ________our daily food.

9. The quality of the candies (be) ________poor.

10. Gold, as well as platinum, (have) ________recently risen in price.

Đáp án: 1. is - 2. are - 3. has - 4. aren’t - 5. was - 6. are - 7. is - 8. is - 9. is - 10. has

Exercise 3: Trong số những câu sau đây, có những câu chứa một lỗi sai và có những câu chính xác. Nếu câu đó đúng, bỏ qua, nếu câu đó sai, hãy tìm và sửa lỗi sai.

1. The president, surrounded by secret service agents, is trying to make his way to the podium.

2. The buildings is destroyed during the fire are being rebuilt at the taxpayers’ expense.

3. 20 percent of the forest has been destroyed lately.

4. The witnesses saw that most of the fire in the hills was extinguished.

5. Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animals preserve.

6. All of the students in the class taught by Professor Roberts is required to turn in their term papers next Monday.

7. Half of the food that we are serving to the guests is still in the refrigerator.

8. We believe that some of the employees is going to get promoted soon.

9. The people in the apartment next to mine are giving a party this evening.

10. Each of the doctors in the building need to have a separate reception area.

Đáp án:

1. đúng
2. is destroyed => destroyed
3. đúng
4. đúng
5. was => were
6. is => are
7. đúng
8. is => are
9. đúng
10. need => needs

• Trên đây IELTS TUTOR đã giới thiệu đến các Bạn những trường hợp chia động từ theo những loại chủ ngữ khác nhau, hy vọng Bạn hiểu rõ hơn và luyện thi IELTS thật tốt. Những kiến thức này gọi là sự hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ, các Bạn chú ý để sử dụng thật chính xác.
• Bạn cũng nên tham khảo "TẤT TẦN TẬT" CÁC ĐIỂM NGỮ PHÁP PHẢI NẮM VỮNG ĐỂ ĐẠT IELTS WRITING 8.0 & Phân tích bài essay về "British emigration to selected destinations" IELTS WRITING TASK 1 (bar graph) để chuẩn bị hành trang ngữ pháp thật vững vàng để chiến đấu nhé!

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